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DFPIC165X

8-bit RISC Microcontroller



The DFPIC165X is a low-cost, high performance, 8-bit, fully static soft IP Core, dedicated for operation with fast memory (typically on-chip). The core has been designed with a special concern about low power consumption.
The DFPIC165X is a software compatible with the industry standard PIC16C54, PIC16C55, PIC16C56, PIC16C57 and PIC16C58. It employs a modified RISC architecture (2 times faster than original implementation).
The DFPIC165X have enhanced core features and configurable hardware stack. The separate instruction and data buses allow a 12 bit wide instruction word with the separate 8-bit wide data. The DFPIC165X typically achieve a 2:1 code compression and a 8:1 speed improvement over other 8-bit microcontrollers in its class. The Core has 24 I/O lines and an 8-bit timer/counter with an 8-bit programmable prescaller.
The power-down mode SLEEP allow user to reduce power consumption. User can "wake up" the controller from SLEEP through an user reset or watchdog overflow. An integrated Watchdog Timer with it's own clock signal provides protection against software lock-up.
The DFPIC165X Microcontroller fits perfectly in applications ranging from high-speed automotive and appliance motor control to low-power remote transmitters/receivers, pointing devices and telecom processors. Built-in power save mode and small used area in programmable devices make this IP core perfect for applications with space and power consumption limitations.
The DFPIC165X is delivered with fully automated testbench and complete set of tests allowing easy package validation at each stage of SoC design flow.


CPU Features

Peripherals

  • Software compatible with industry standard PIC16C5X
  • Harvard RISC architecture
  • 2 times faster compared to original implementation
  • 33 instructions
  • 12 bit wide instruction word
  • Up to 256 bytes of internal Data Memory
  • Up to 4K bytes of Program Memory
  • Configurable hardware stack
  • Power saving SLEEP mode
  • Fully synthesizable
  • Static synchronous design
  • Positive edge clocking and no internal tri-states
  • Scan test ready
  • Technology independent HDL Source Code

Configuration

The following parameters of the DFPIC165X core can be easy adjusted to requirements of dedicated application and technology. Configuration of the core can be prepared by effortless changing appropriate constants in package file. There is no need to change any parts of the code.

RAM memory type
  • synchronous
  • asynchronous
RAM size
  • up to 256 B
  • default 128 B
Program Memory size
  • up to 4k Words
  • default 2k
Number of hardware stack levels
  • 1-8
  • default 2
SLEEP mode
  • used
  • unused

Besides mentioned above parameters all available peripherals can be excluded from the core by changing appropriate constants in package file.
  • Three 8 bit I/O ports
    • Three 8-bit corresponding TRIS registers
  • Timer 0
    • 8-bit timer/counter
    • Readable and Writable
    • 8-bit software programmable prescaler
    • Internal or external clock select
    • Edge select for external clock
  • Watchdog Timer
    • Configurable Time out period
    • 7-bit software programmable prescaler
    • Dedicated independent Watchdog Clock input


Symbol

 clk
 por
 mclr
 prgdata (11:0)
sleep 
prgaddr (11:0) 
 portai (7:0)
 portbi (7:0)
 portci (7:0)
portao (7:0) 
portbo (7:0) 
portco (7:0) 
trisa (7:0) 
trisb (7:0) 
trisc (7:0) 
 ramdatai (7:0)
ramdatao (7:0) 
ramaddr (7:0) 
ramwe 
ramoe 
 t0cki
 clkwdt

Pins description

PinTypeDescription
clkinputGlobal clock
porinputGlobal reset Power On Reset
mclrinputUser reset
prgdata (11:0)inputData bus from program memory
portai (7:0)inputPort A input
portbi (7:0)inputPort B input
portci (7:0)inputPort C input
ramdatai (7:0)inputData bus from int. data memory
t0ckiinputTimer 0 input
clkwdtinputWatchdog clock
sleepoutputSleep signal
prgaddr (11:0)outputProgram memory address bus
portao (7:0)outputPort A output
portbo (7:0)outputPort B output
portco (7:0)outputPort C output
trisa (7:0)outputData direction pins for Port A
trisb (7:0)outputData direction pins for Port B
trisc (7:0)outputData direction pins for Port C
ramdatao (7:0)outputData bus for internal data memory
ramaddr (7:0)outputRAM address bus
ramweoutputData memory write
ramoeoutputData memory output enable

Block diagram

Hardware stack
Control Unit
mclr
sleep
prgdata (11:0)
prgaddr (11:0)
ALU
I/O Ports
portai (7:0)
portbi (7:0)
portci (7:0)
portao (7:0)
portbo (7:0)
portco (7:0)
trisa (7:0)
trisb (7:0)
trisc (7:0)
RAM Controller
ramdatai (7:0)
ramdatao (7:0)
ramaddr (7:0)
ramwe
ramoe
Timer 0
t0cki
Watchdog Timer
clkwdt
clk
por

Units

Hardware stack

The DFPIC165X configurable hardware stack. The stack space is not a part of either program or data space and the stack pointer is not readable or writable. The PC is pushed onto the stack when CALL instruction is executed or an interrupt causes a branch. The stack is popped while RETLW instruction execution. The stack operates as a circular buffer. This means that after the stack has been pushed two times, the third push overwrites the value that was stored from the first push.

Control Unit

It performs the core synchronization and data flow control. This module manages execution of all instructions. Performs decode and control functions for all other blocks. It contains program counter (PC) and hardware stack.

ALU

Arithmetic Logic Unit performs arithmetic and logic operations during execution of an instruction. This module contains work register (W) and Status register.

I/O Ports

I/O ports block contains DFPIC165X’s general purpose I/O ports and data direction registers (TRIS). The DRPIC165X has three 8-bit full bi-directional ports PORT A, PORT B and PORT C. Read and write accesses to the I/O port are performed via their corresponding SFR’s PORTA, PORTB, PORTC. The reading instruction always reads the status of Port pins. Writing instructions always write into the Port latches. Each port’s pin has an corresponding bit in TRISA, TRISB and TRISC registers. When the bit of TRIS register is set this means that the corresponding bit of port is configured as an input (output drivers are set into the High Impedance).

RAM Controller

It performs interface functions between Data memory and DFPIC165X internal logic. It assures correct Data memory addressing and data transfers. The DFPIC165X supports two addressing modes: direct or indirect. In Direct Addressing the 8-bit direct address is computed from FSR(7:5) bits 5 least significant bits of instruction word. Indirect addressing is possible by using the INDF register. Any instruction using INDF register actually accesses data pointed to by the file select register FSR. Reading INDF register indirectly will produce 00h. Writing to the INDF register indirectly results in a no-operation. An effective 8-bit address is obtained from an 8-bit FSR register.

Timer 0

Main system’s timer and prescaler. This timer operates in two modes: 8-bit timer or 8-bit counter. In the “timer mode”, timer/prescaler registers are incremented every instruction cycle (1 or 2 CLK periods). When the prescaler is assigned into the TIMER prescale ration can be divided by 2, 4, ..., 256. In the “counter mode” the timer register is incremented every falling or rising edge of T0CKI pin, dependent on T0SE bit in OPTION register.

Watchdog Timer

The watchdog timer is a free running timer. WDT has own clock input separate from system clock. It means that the WDT will run even if the system clock is stopped by execution of SLEEP instruction. During normal operation, a WDT timeout generates a Watchdog reset. If the device is in SLEEP mode the WDT timeout causes the device to wake-up and continue with normal operation.

Performance


Each core has been tested in variety of FPGA and ASIC technologies. Its implementation's results are summarized below.

ImplementationSpeed
grade
Utilized Area
[LC]
Frequency
[MHz]
APEX20KC-763568
CYCLONE-6551105
CYCLONE II-6547108
STRATIX-5551108
STRATIX II-3456178
STRATIX GX-5551109

DFPIC165X implementation results for ALTERA devices. The CPU features and Peripherals have been included.

ImplementationSpeed
grade
Utilized Area
[LUT/PFU]
Frequency
[MHz]
XP-5620/17167
ECP-5620/17174
EC-5620/17174

DFPIC165X implementation results for LATTICE devices. The CPU features and Peripherals have been included.

ImplementationSpeed
grade
Utilized Area
[Slices]
Frequency
[MHz]
SPARTAN-IIE-726649
SPARTAN-III-527158
SPARTAN-IIIE-428442
VIRTEX-E-826656
VIRTEX-II-627084
VIRTEX-II pro-7270106
VIRTEX-IV-1228590

DFPIC165X implementation results for XILINX devices.


Family summary

DesignArchitecture
improovement
Code
space
DATA
space
Program
word
Number of
instructions
I/O PortsTimersWatchdog
Timer
CCP1USARTSLEEP
Mode
DoCDTMSize
(gates)
DFPIC165X22k12812 bit33241+--+-2700
DFPIC1655X264k32 kB14 bit35161+--++3900
DFPIC166X264k32 kB14 bit35323+11++5800
DRPIC1655X464k32 kB14 bit35321+--++4800
DRPIC166X464k32 kB14 bit35323+11++6700


The main features of each PIC family member have been summarized in table above. It gives a briefly member characterization helping user to select the most suitable IP Core for its application. User can specify its own peripheral set (including listed above and the others) and requests the core modifications.