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Application Notes D68HCXX development boards Development Tools Products Summary
D68HC11E

8-bit Microcontrollers Family




The D68HC11E is synthesisable SOFT Microcontroller IP Core fully compatible to the industry standard Motorola 68HC11E, and can be used as direct replacement for the:
  • 68HC11E Microcontrollers
    and older 68HC11E versions:
  • 68HC11A and
  • 68HC11D

The core in standard configuration has integrated on-chip major peripheral functions. An asynchronous serial communications interface (SCI) and separate synchronous serial peripheral interface (SPI) are included. The main 16-bit, free-running timer system with input capture and output-compare lines, and a real-time interrupt function. An 8-bit pulse accumulator subsystem can count external events or measure external periods. Self-monitoring on-chip circuitry is included to protect the D68HC11E against system errors. A computer operating properly (COP) watchdog system protects against software failures. An illegal opcode detection circuit provides a non-maskable interrupt if illegal opcode is detected. Two software-controlled power-saving modes, WAIT and STOP, are available to conserve additional power. These modes make the D68HC11E IP Core especially attractive for automotive and battery-driven applications.
The D68HC11E Microcontroller Core can be equipped with the ADC Cotroller, allowing use of external ADC Controller with standerd ADC software. The ADC Controller makes external ADC's visible as internal ADC's in original 68HC11E Microcontrollers.
The D68HC11 has built in real time hardware on chip debugger the DoCDTM, allowing easy software debugging and validation.
The D68HC11E is fully customizable, which means it is delivered in the exact configuration to meet users requirements. There is no need to pay extra for not used features and wasted silicon. It includes fully automated testbench with complete set of tests allowing easy package validation at each stage of SoC design flow.




Each of the DCD's D68HC11E Core has built in support for DCD Hardware Debug System called DoCDTM. It is a real-time hardware debugger which provides debugging capability of a whole System on Chip (SoC).
In contrast to other on-chip debuggers the DoCDTM provides a non-intrusive debugging of running application. It can halt, run, step into or skip an instruction, read/write any contents of microcontroller including all registers, SFRs including user defined peripherals, data and program memories. More details about DCD on Chip Debugger...




CPU Features

Peripherals

  • Cycle compatible with original implementation
  • Software compatible with industry standard 68HC11
  • I/O Wrapper making it pin compatiblecore
  • SFR registers remapped to any 4KB memory page
  • Two power saving modes: STOP, WAI
  • Fully synthesizable
  • Static synchronous design
  • No internal tri-states
  • Scan test ready

Design Features

  • One global system clock
  • Synchronous reset
  • All asynchronous input signals are synchronized before internal use
  • Synchronous logic without microcode

Optional Peripherals



  • DoCDTM debug unit
    • Processor execution control
    • Read-write all processor contents
    • Hardware execution breakpoints
    • Three wire communication interface
  • Five 8-bit I/O Ports
  • Extended Interrupt Controller
    • 20 interrupt sources
    • 17 priority levels
  • Main16-bit timer/counter system
    • 16 bit free running counter
    • Four stage programmable prescaller
    • Timer clocked by internal source
    • Real Time Interrupt
  • 16-bit Compare/Capture Unit
    • Three independent input-capture functions
    • Five output-compare channels
    • Events capturing
    • Pulses generation
    • Digital signals generation
    • Gated timers
    • Sophisticated comparator
    • Pulse width modulation
    • Pulse width measuring
  • 8-bit Pulse accumulator
    • Two major modes of operation
      • Simple event counter
      • Gated time accumulation
    • Clocked by internal source or external pin
  • Full-duplex UART - SCI
    • Standard Non-return to Zero format (NRZ)
    • 8 or 9 bit data transfer
    • Integrated BAUD Rate generator
    • Enhanced receiver data sampling technique
    • Noise,Overrun and Framing errors detection
    • IDLE and BREAK characters generation
    • Wake-up block to recognize UART wake-up from IDLE
    • Three SCI Related interrupts
  • SPI – Master and Slave Serial Peripheral Interface
    • Supports speeds up 1/8 of system clock
      • Mode fault error
      • Write collision error
    • Software selectable polarity and phase of serial clock SCK
    • System errors detection
    • Allows operation from a wide range of system clock frequencies
    • Interrupt generation



Symbol

 clk
 rst
 cmf
 porte (7:0)
porta (7:0) 
portb (7:0) 
portc (7:0) 
portd (7:0) 
strb_rw 
stra_as 
 moda_lir
 modb
 xirq
 irq
 docddatai
 clkdocd
docddatao 
docdclk 
 adcdatai
adcdatao 
adcclock 
adccs 
 esi
eso 
esck 
ecs 

Pins description

PinTypeDescription
clkinputGlobal clock
rstinputGlobal reset
cmfinputClock monitor fail reset
porte (7:0)input8 bit input port, typically shared with internal ADC
moda_lirinputMODA pin input shared with LIR output
modbinputMode B input
xirqinputNon-maskable interrupt request
irqinputMaskable interrupt request
docddataiinputDoCDTM serial data input
clkdocdinputClock signal to DoCDTM On chip Debugger module. This separate clock line allow DoCDTM to operate during the SLEEP mode (major clock CLK is stopped).
adcdataiinputSerial ADC data input
esiinputSerial Data input - connected to data output pin on EEPROM memory
porta (7:0)outputBidirectional Port A, shared with Timer Output Compare and Input Capture functions
portb (7:0)outputBidirectional Port B, shared with high address byte in Expanded mode
portc (7:0)outputBidirectional Port C, shared with Low address Byte and Data bus. (Demultiplexed Address/Data bus is also possible)
portd (7:0)outputBidirectional Port D, shared with SCi and SPI functions.
strb_rwoutputStrobe B shared with R/W in Expanded Mode
stra_asoutputStrobe A, shared with AS (Address Strobe) in expanded mode
eoutputE Clock output
docddataooutputDoCDTM serial data output
docdclkoutputDoCDTM serial data clock line
adcdataooutputSerial ADC data output
adcclockoutputSerial clock to ADC devices
adccsoutputSerial ADC chip select line
esooutputSerial data output - connected to data input on EEPROM Memory
esckoutputEEPROM SPI Clock line
ecsoutputEEPROM Chip Select

Block diagram

BUSCTRL
SPI
IOPorts
porta (7:0)
portb (7:0)
portc (7:0)
portd (7:0)
porte (7:0)
strb_rw
stra_as
SCI
PULSEACCA
COP
CTRLUNIT
moda_lir
modb
e
Interrupt Controller
xirq
irq
TIMER
DoCDTM
docddatai
docddatao
docdclk
clkdocd
ADC Controller
adcdatai
adcdatao
adcclock
adccs
ALU
EEPROMCTRL
esi
eso
esck
ecs
clk
rst
cmf

Units

BUSCTRL

Bus Controller - manages data exchange between CPU and seweral Internal and External Memories

SPI

It’s a fully configurable master/slave Serial Peripheral Interface, which allows user to configure polarity and phase of serial clock signal SCK. It allows the microcontroller to communicate with serial peripheral devices. It is also capable of interprocessor communications in a multi-master system. A serial clock line (SCK) synchronizes shifting and sampling of the information on the two independent serial data lines. SPI data are simultaneously transmitted and received. SPI system is flexible enough to interface directly with numerous standard product peripherals from several manufacturers. Data rates as high as CLK/8. Clock control logic allows a selection of clock polarity and a choice of two fundamentally different clocking protocols to accommodate most available synchronous serial peripheral devices. When the SPI is configured as a master, software selects one of four different bit rates for the serial clock. Error-detection logic is included to support interprocessor communications. A write-collision detector indicates when an attempt is made to write data to the serial shift register while a transfer is in progress. A multiple-master mode-fault detector automatically disables SPI output drivers if more than one SPI devices simultaneously attempts to become bus master.

IOPorts

General Purpose I/O Ports, when enabled the I/O Ports are shared with particular on chip peripherals: SCI, SPI, TIMER.

SCI

The SCI is a full-duplex UART type asynchronous system, using standard non return to zero (NRZ) format : 1 start bit, 8 or 9 data bits and a 1 stop bit. The Core resynchronizes the receiver bit clock on all one to zero transitions in the bit stream. Therefore differences in baud rate between the sending device and the SCI are not as likely to cause reception errors. Three logic samples are taken near the middle of data bit time, and majority logic decides the sense for the bit. For the start and stop bits seven logic samples are taken. Even if noise causes one of these samples to be incorrect, the bit will still be received correctly. The receiver also has the ability to enter a temporary standby mode (called receiver wakeup) to ignore messages intended for a different receiver. Logic automatically wakes up the receiver in time to see the first character of the next message. This wakeup feature greatly reduces CPU overhead in multidrop SCI networks. The SCI transmitter can produce queued characters of idle (whole characters of all logic 1) and break (whole characters of all logic 0). In addition to the usual transmit data register empty (TDRE) status flag, this SCI also provides a transmit complete (TC) indication that can be used in applications with a modem.

PULSEACCA

This system is based on an 8-bit counter and can be configured to operate as a simple event counter or for gated time accumulation. Unlike the main timer, the 8-bit pulse accumulator counter can be read or written at any time (the 16-bit counter in the main timer cannot be written). Control bits allow the user to configure and control the pulse accumulator subsystem. Two maskable interrupts are associated with the system, each having its own controls and interrupt vector. The PAI pin associated with the pulse accumulator can be configured to act as a clock (event counting mode) or as a gate signal to enable a free-running E divided by 64 clock to the 8-bit counter (gated time accumulation mode). The alternate functions of the pulse accumulator input (PAI) pin present some in-teresting application possibilities.

COP

COP Watchdog Timer

CTRLUNIT

It performs the core synchronization and data flow control. This module manages execution of all instructions.

Interrupt Controller

D68HC11 has implemented 17-level interrupt priority control. External interrupt pins are activated at low level(XIRQ,IRQ pins) or falling edge (IRQ pin). External interrupt requests by IRQ, XIRQ are sampled each 1 system clock at the rising edge of CLK. The D68HC11 peripheral systems generate maskable interrupts, which are recognized only if the global interrupt mask bit (I) in the CCR is cleared. Maskable interrupts are prioritized according to default arrangement (look at the table below) established during reset. However any one source may be elevated to the highest maskable priority position using HPRIO register. When interrupt condition occurs, an interrupt status flag is set to indicate the condition.

TIMER

Main Timer system, including Compare, Capture and Real Time Interrupt logic. This timer system is based on a free-running 16-bit counter with a 4-stage programmable prescaler. A timer overflow function allows software to extend the timing capability of the system beyond the 16-bit range of the counter. Three independent input-capture functions are used to automatically record the time when a selected transition is detected at a respective timer input pin. Five output-compare functions are included for generating output signals or for timing software delays. Since the input-capture and output-compare functions may not be familiar to all users, these concepts are explained in greater detail.
A programmable periodic interrupt circuit called RTI is tapped off of the main 16-bit timer counter. Software can select one of four rates for the RTI, which is most commonly used to pace the execution of software routines. The COP watchdog function is closely related to the main timer in that the clock input to the COP system (clk*2^17) is tapped off the free-running counter chain.
The timer subsystem involves more registers and control bits than any other subsystem on the MCU. Each of the three input-capture func-tions has its own 16-bit time capture latch (input-capture register) and each of the five output-compare functions has its own 16-bit compare register. All timer functions, including the timer overflow and RTI, have their own interrupt controls and separate interrupt vectors. Additional control bits permit software to control the edge(s) that trigger each input-capture function and the automatic actions that result from output-compare functions. Although hardwired logic is included to automate many timer activities, this timer architecture is essentially a software-oriented system. This structure is easily adaptable to a very wide range of applications although it is not as efficient as dedicated hardware for some specific timing applications.

DoCDTM

DoCDTM Debug Unit – it’s a real-time hardware debugger provides debugging capability of a whole SoC system. In contrast to other on-chip debuggers DoCD™ provides non-intrusive debugging of running application. It can halt, run, step into or skip an instruction, read/write any contents of microcontroller including all registers, internal, external, program memories, all SFRs including user defined peripherals. Hardware breakpoints can be set and controlled on program memory, internal and external data memories, as well as on SFRs. Hardware breakpoint is executed if any write/read occurred at particular address with certain data pattern or without pattern. The DoCDTM system includes three-wire interface and complete set of tools to communicate and work with core in real time debugging. It is built as scalable unit and some features can be turned off to save silicon and reduce power consumption. A special care on power consumption has been taken, and when debugger is not used it is automatically switched in power save mode. Finally whole debugger is turned off when debug option is no longer used.
The separate DoCDTM clock line allow debugger to operate while the SLEEP mode (major clock line CLK is stopped).

ADC Controller

The ADCCTRL used in D68HC11 provides communication between the internal ADC related registers and program running on D68HC11 and external ADC converter. Supports several Parallel and serial ADC's.

ALU

Arithmetic Logic Unit performs the arithmetic and logic operations during execution of an instruction. It contains accumulator (A, B), Condition Code Register (CCREG), and related logic such as arithmetic unit, logic unit, multiplier and divider.

EEPROMCTRL

External Serial EEPROM controller. This optional module manage data exchange between D68HC11 and external EEPROM. During initialization copy contents of whole external EEPROM to internal EEPRAM (EEPROM Mirror implemented in standard parallel RAM). This module has several different options, so its details are described in separate document.

Performance


Each core has been tested in variety of FPGA and ASIC technologies. Its implementation's results are summarized below.

ImplementationSpeed gradeArea
[LC]
Frequency
[MHz]
CYCLONE-6363954
CYCLONE II-6364052
CYCLONE III-6364052
STRATIX-5364556
STRATIX II-3243388
STRATIX III-22431107
STRATIX GX-5364552
STRATIX II GX-3243086

D68HC11E implementation results for ALTERA devices. All features have been included.

ImplementationSpeed gradeUtilized Area
[Slices]
Frequency
[MHz]
SPARTAN-IIE-7204935
SPARTAN-III-5204747
SPARTAN-IIIE-5204747
VIRTEX-II-6204767
VIRTEX-IV-12204192

Implementation results of the D68HC11E in XILINX devices. All features are included.


Family summary

FamilyIP CoreArchitecture
type
Memory
space
DoCDTMUART (SCI)SPI M/SIO PortsWatchdog
Timer
TimerCompare /
Capture
Pulse
accumulator
READY
pin
Chip
Selects
Gatecount
HC05, HC08DF6805fast64k++-4+12/2-+-7000
-DF6808fast64k++-4+12/2-+-8300
-D68HC05legacy64k+++4+11/1----
-D68HC08legacy64K+++4+12/1---10000
HC11DF6811Efast64k+++5+15/4++-12000
-DF6811Ffast64k+++7+15/4++-14000
-DF6811Kfast1M+++10+313/6++-21000
-D68HC11Elegacy64k+++5+15/4+--13000
-D68HC11Klegacy1M++110+313/6+-421000
-D68HC11Flegacy64k+++7+15/4--413500
6802, 6803DF6802fast64k+----------
-DF6803fast64k+++4-1+----
-D6802legacy64k+---------3600
-D6803legacy64k+++4-1+---6000


The main features of each D68XX and DF68XX family member have been summarized in table above. It gives a brief member characterization to help selection of the most suitable IP Core for application. User can specify its own peripheral set (including listed above and the others) and request the core modifications.